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HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT

Since the founding of the Bashkir Medical Institute in 1932, the Department of Morphology has been among the fundamental departments. This department united several morphological disciplines, namely histology, normal anatomy, pathological anatomy and operative surgery. The head of the department was Vladimir Mikhailovich Romankevich. The department of histology was separated from the group of morphological departments in 1938. The first head of the department was Nikolai Illarionovich Churbanov (1938 – 1948). During this period, a lot of work is being done to organize the educational process, equip the department with microscopes, a histological laboratory and the equipment necessary for carrying out experimental work. Along with the educational process, scientific activities are also actively developing. The main scientific direction of the department during the leadership of N.I. Churbanov began to study the morphology of the gastric mucosa under physiological and pathological conditions. This topic was developed by members of the department M.B. Baturina, N.A. Kuznetsova, G.U. Sundyukova, I.I. Sadovnikov, A.I. Pandikova, A.A. Feofanova and others.

In 1948, the department of histology was headed by Dmitry Ivanovich Sadovnikov, who, together with the staff of the department, continued the direction of scientific research by N.I. Churbanova.

In 1952, Tsarapkin N.R. became the head of the department of histology. and the main scientific direction during this period was the study of the endocrine system. The department was equipped with new equipment, new methods of histological research were mastered.

In 1955, Nikolai Stepanovich Shimanov became the head of the department, who also put a lot of effort into further improving the material and technical base of the department. The opening of new faculties at the medical institute (pediatrics, sanitary and hygienic) gave rise to work on the specialization of teaching. The topics of scientific research were aimed at studying neurohistology and hematopoiesis. The first graduate students of the department were accepted - M.E. Bykov, F.A. Kayumov, G.Ya. Nasedkin, V.I. Kiyasova. As a result of the development of these scientific directions, the department's employees and graduate students successfully defended their candidate's dissertations (L.I. Bikbulatova, M.E. Bykov, F.A. Kayumov, E.N. Khisamov, etc.).

From 1974 to 1986, the department was headed by Professor Lyalya Ismagilovna Bikbulatova. The scientific direction of the unit in these years was the study of the histogenesis of human blood and hematopoietic organs. The studies were devoted to the morpho-functional characteristics of human peripheral blood cells and red bone marrow blood cells aged from 4 weeks of intrauterine development to 30 years of postnatal life. Work was also carried out to identify the most informative parameters of cellular adaptation under conditions of exposure to unfavorable environmental factors on the body and to develop ways to correct their effects. Educational work was focused on specialization in four faculties. Modern methods of teaching and monitoring students' knowledge are being introduced. A large number of new microslides have been introduced into the training process, A museum of macropreparations has been created, and the fund of tables and models is being expanded. The educational premises have expanded, and the conditions for self-training of educational, research and scientific work of students have improved. To solve scientific problems and carry out work with students within the framework of SSS, microscopes of various systems were purchased, including fluorescent, polarizing, phase-contrast, stereoscopic, etc. For research purposes, modern computer technology, slide projectors, control equipment, etc. are used. The opportunity has arisen carry out scientific work at the department using the most modern research methods. Scientific research at the department was mainly devoted to the problem of studying the mechanisms of adaptation to various environmental conditions. During this period, professors taught at the department. L.I. Bikbulatova, associate professor F.A. Kayumov, Art. teacher A. G. Kadikova, associates E.N. Tropynina, V.A. Shenberger, V.I. Kiyasova, R.V. Rosinskaya, N.Kh. Bagasheva, G.F. Batyrshina, Kh.Kh. Murzabaev.

As a result of the studies, regional standards for quantitative and cytochemical indicators of blood cells were established for various age groups of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan, a package of the most sensitive hematological tests was identified to assess the impact on human health of unfavorable environmental factors in a city with developed oil refining and petrochemical complexes. Based on the materials of the completed scientific research, 2 candidate's dissertations were defended, methodological recommendations were published and information letters were compiled for medical institutions of the republic (A.G. Kadikova, F.A. Kayumov, V.I. Kiyasova, Kh.H. Murzabaev, R. V. Rosinskaya, R.M. Khairullin, E.N. Khisamov). In 1982, at the Exhibition of Economic Achievements of the USSR, a new method of tissue fixation was exhibited and awarded a silver medal (L. I. Bikbulatova, Kh. Kh. Murzabaev).

From 1982 to 1989, the Department of Histology was headed by Professor Revkhat Konstantinovich Danilov. The main scientific direction is histogenesis and regeneration of muscle tissue. The scientific research of the department's employees was devoted to the age-related study of the processes of proliferation and differentiation in the embryonic histogenesis of the myoneural tissue of the iris. This topic was developed by Z.B. Ishmeeva. At the same time, morphofunctional changes were established in the oxidative and glycolytic muscle fibers of skeletal muscle tissue in hemolytic anemia, the phase nature of reactive changes and manifestations of intracellular and cellular regeneration in the post-traumatic histogenesis of striated muscle tissue of the somatic type in anemia were revealed. G.F. Batyrshina studied the role of antioxidants in restoring the morphofunctional properties of various types of muscle fibers in anemia and skeletal muscle injury. Years of management of R.K. Danilov turned out to be fruitful and three candidate dissertations were defended (Murzabaev Kh.Kh., Kiyasova V.I., Khairullin R.M.).

In 1989, the department was headed by Farit Amiryanovich Kayumov. In 1990, Kayumov F.A. A doctoral dissertation was defended on the study of the morphofunctional characteristics of blood cells and placenta in the mother-placenta-fetus system during adaptation to the action of unfavorable environmental factors. Reference data on hematological parameters and cytochemical parameters of peripheral blood leukocytes during normal pregnancy, in postpartum women and newborns, in relation to local environmental conditions, have been developed. During the period of management at the Department of Histology, dissertations of the candidate of medical sciences were defended by G.F. Batyrshina. and Ishmeeva Z.B.
From 1999 to 2020, the department was headed by Khasan Khamzovich Murzabaev. In 2002, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the study of the morphological foundations of post-traumatic regeneration of tissues of the musculoskeletal system. The natural processes of regenerative histogenesis and the reactivity of the blood system during the healing of musculocutaneous wounds and bone fractures were established, as well as the possibility of optimizing the recovery process in conditions of mechanical and gunshot damage to the musculoskeletal system. One of the scientific directions of the department was the study of the state of the blood and hematopoietic organs under the influence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DA) compounds, widely used in agriculture as herbicides. In 2003, the dissertation of candidate of medical sciences R.R. Salimyanova was defended. Another direction of the department was the study of reparative regeneration of the skin after mechanical injury. The result of research in this direction was the defense of a dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences in 2010 by Lanicheva A.Kh. The educational process at the department was constantly improved. With the advent of new specialties, new microslides and materials were introduced to control the initial and final level of knowledge of students, and a computer class was opened.

Since September 2020, the department has been headed by Alfiya Kamilevna Imaeva. The educational process reaches a new level with the introduction of digital technologies. Training materials are being updated and introduced into the educational process, including in online format. Students from among foreign citizens of the medical and dental faculties are trained using an intermediary language - English. For this purpose, an educational and methodological complex has been formed entirely in English, and testing materials have been developed. The department currently employs 12 employees. Teachers of the department: Associate Professor Imaeva A.K., Professor F.A. Kayumov., Professor Murzabaev Kh.H., Professor Sharafutdinova L.A., Associate Professor G.F Batyrshina., Associate Professor R.T. Sulaymanova, associate professor M.Ya. Fazlyakhmetova, associate professor A.Kh. Lanicheva, senior teacher L.V. Khalikova, assistants Khasanova I.R.,